Ouida (Gast)
| | The choice of whether to use WITH-SLOTS versus WITH-ACCESSORS is the same as the choice between SLOT-VALUE and an accessor function: low-level code that provides the basic functionality of a class may use SLOT-VALUE or WITH-SLOTS to directly manipulate slots in ways not supported by accessor functions or to explicitly avoid the effects of auxiliary methods that may have been defined on the accessor functions.
SLOT-VALUE takes an object and the name of a slot as arguments and returns the value of the named slot in the given object. But if you don't supply a :customer-name argument, the customer-name slot will be unbound, and an attempt to read it before you set it will signal an error.
Nginx has a concept of request processing time - time elapsed since the first bytes were read from the client. You can also use initforms that generate a different value each time they're evaluated--the initform is evaluated anew for each object. For now, however, you're ready to take a break from all this theory of object orientation and turn to the rather different topic of how to make good use of Common Lisp's powerful, but sometimes cryptic, FORMAT function. In Chapter 23 you'll see an example of how to define a method on PRINT-OBJECT to make objects of a certain class be printed in a more informative form.
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Jamesses (Gast)
| | When British traders landed on Indiaâs shores in the 1600s, they arrived in search of spices and silk but stayed for centuries â leaving behind a legacy that would shape the nation long after their colonial exploitation ended: the English language.
Over the centuries, English seeped into the very fabric of Indian life â first as a tool of commerce, then as the language of law and, eventually, a marker of privilege.
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Now, after more than a decade of Hindu-nationalist rule, Prime Minister Narendra Modiâs Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is mounting perhaps the most significant challenge yet to the languageâs place in India.
âThose who speak English will soon feel ashamed,â Home Minister Amit Shah said last month, igniting a heated debate about national identity and social mobility in the polyglot nation of 1.4 billion.
While Shah did not mention Indiaâs former colonial masters, he declared that âthe languages of our country are the jewels of our cultureâ â and that without them, âwe cease to be truly Indian.â
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Spoken behind the walls of colonial forts and offices, English in India was at first the language of ledgers and treaties.
But as British rule expanded from the ports of Gujarat to the palaces of Delhi, it became the lingua franca of the colonial elite.
At independence, India faced a dilemma. With hundreds of languages and dialects spoken across its vast landscape, its newly appointed leaders grappled with the question of which one should represent the new nation.
Hindi, the predominant language in the north, was put forward as a candidate for official language.
But strong resistance from non-Hindi-speaking regions â especially in the south â meant English would remain only as a temporary link to unite the country. Itâs a legacy that endures to this day â and still rankles some.
âI subscribe to the view that English is the language of the colonial masters,â Pradeep Bahirwani, a retired corporate executive from the southern city of Bengaluru, said, adding: âOur national language should be a language which⊠has got roots in India.â |